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The "Two Factor Theory," developed by Frederick Herzberg, is a significant concept in understanding workplace motivation. This theory suggests that there are two sets of factors that influence employee satisfaction and motivation: hygiene factors and motivators. Hygiene factors, such as salary, work conditions, and job security, can lead to dissatisfaction if they are inadequate but do not necessarily motivate employees when improved. In contrast, motivators, such as recognition, achievement, and opportunities for growth, can lead to higher levels of motivation and job satisfaction when present.

Herzberg's research indicates that to truly enhance employee performance and satisfaction, organizations must not only address hygiene factors to prevent dissatisfaction but also incorporate motivators to foster a more engaged and motivated workforce. This holistic approach to motivation distinguishes the Two Factor Theory from other motivational theories that may not differentiate between factors that lead to dissatisfaction and those that enhance motivation.